UNODC presence in Central Asia began 1993 with the establishment of the UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Today there are Programme Offices in all five Central Asian States and the value of the programme portfolio has increased from $26 million in 2004 to almost $70 million dollars in 2009. With a traditional emphasis on building capacity in counter-narcotics through technical assistance, UNODC activities in the region link national projects on border control with regional projects developing intelligence analysis systems and joint operations. These include: the Central Asia Regional Information and Coordination Centre in Almaty; precursor chemical control; controlled deliveries; national drug control agencies and mobile interdiction units. All this work is carried out in close cooperation with national and international partners and donors. Significant trends in the UNODC in recent years have seen the shift towards activities within the crime mandates of UNODC and towards an increasingly regional programming structure. Within the framework of a number of political initiatives concerning Afghanistan and its neighbouring countries (such as the Paris Pact and the Rainbow Strategy), UNODC is seeking to build synergy between its drugs and crime mandates.